There is evidence from around the UK that conflicts do arise between whales and dolphins (collectively known as cetaceans) and other marine species including basking sharks and some motorised craft. Studies carried out by the Whale and Dolphin Conservation Society (WDCS)2 have highlighted impacts on a number of levels:

• Direct collisions and physical damage are caused when dolphins are unable to move out of the way of fast moving, craft such as personal watercraft.
• Stresses on the animals caused by harassment affect the energy levels and consequently the growth and reproduction of individuals
• Repeated harassment may result in the animals moving away from areas important to them for communication or feeding

Indirect impacts on habitat including noise pollution, all of these impacts are explained in more detail in the WDCS Report.

What can be done?

Responsible PW users do not deliberately harass marine animals and such impacts are often the result of a lack of awareness. Dolphins may appear to be playful and enjoy the presence of small craft. Information displayed at launch sites, or circulated through clubs and dealers can help to provide users with general guidelines for responsible behaviour in the presence of marine wildlife.

Voluntary codes are in place in a large number of areas, especially where populations of dolphins are found, such as the Moray Firth and Cardigan Bay. Also general guidelines have been published by DEFRA and voluntary organisations such as the WDCS, this can be found on their website: http://www.wdcs.org.uk These codes should be followed and care should always be taken when handling PWs around marine species.

Coastal managers can help to promote campaigns such as the stickers under the Active Seas initiative run by the WDCS and any local codes or promotional schemes.